The longest continuous chain may turn in any direction. The word roots for different carbon chains are derived by leaving ‘ane’ from the name of carbon chain of respective molecule. Count the carbons and name chain as if it were a straight chain alkane. Some unbranched Chains and their Names The word root of one carbon chain is obtained by leaving ane from methane i.e., meth–and similarly for others e.g. How to Name a Hydrocarbon Chain Using the IUPAC Method. ASSIGNMENT 11-1 NAME: _____ NAMING HYDROCARBONS 1. No. Step-I : Selection of parent chain: The longest continuous carbon chain is selected as the parent chain. Alkanes - saturated hydrocarbons The names of the straight chain saturated hydrocarbons for up to a 12 carbon chain are shown below. The first step in naming hydrocarbons is to identify the longest continuous carbon chain. 1) Find the ring. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on earth. Therefore the name of the compound is 2-Carboxypropanedioic acid. Word root is the basic unit of name and represents the number of carbon atoms present in the parent chain. Give the number of the longest chain in each of the following atom arrangements and number the carbons in the chain. The names of the substituents formed by the removal of one hydrogen from the end of the chain is obtained by changing the suffix -ane to -yl. There is no need to number the substituent. Eg. The structure is therefore: Example 3: Write the structural formula for ethane-1,2-diol. Look again and count the red carbons to find seven carbons as the longest chain to give heptane as the root name. Here, the principle functional groups is carboxylic acid and the parent chain is three carbon chain including two carboxylic acids. Thus, by putting a hyphen before the name obtained, we also write down the number of carbon atoms carrying the lateral chain. The -OH group is attached to the number 1 carbon. So one of the carboxylic acid group is treated as side chain. Parent Chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atom containing functional group (or, and) multiple bonds (if present). Hydrocarbons, or compounds based on a chain of hydrogen and carbon, are the basis of organic chemistry. Thus the IUPAC name of … Sulfonic acids and their analogues The names of alkyl groups attached as branches are then prefixed to the name of the parent alkane and position of the substituents is indicated by the appropriate numbers. Hence it should be indicated by prefix 2-carboxy. This is now the main chain. Write the name of the corresponding alkane and the name of the alkyl group together or put a hyphen between them. Add the prefix cyclo- to the name to get the full base name of the ring. Number the carbon atoms of the parent chain in such a way that the branched carbon atoms get the lowest possible numbers. The carbon skeleton is a 3 carbon chain with no carbon-carbon double bonds, but a methyl group on the number 2 carbon. Chapter 11 Carbohydrates. Example lower left: Initially you may think that the six carbons in a straight line is the longest chain. This is a two carbon chain with no double bond. Finally add prefix(es) to the name if there are side chains or substituents on the parent chain. There are only three steps in nomenclature of all organic compounds. The longest continuous carbon chain containing as many functional groups, double bonds, triple bonds, side chains and substituents as possible is to be selected as parent chain. C1 → Methane → Meth-C2 → Ethane → Eth- Each year, photosynthesis by plants and algae converts more than 100 billion metric tons of CO 2 and H 2 O into cellulose and other plant products. 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