req: is a request subcommand; it is used to create a certificate signing request or simply a self-signed certificate.-config openssl.cnf: tells OpenSSL which configuration file it should use. $ openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365. openssl x509 -in waipio.ca.cert.csr -out waipio.ca.cert -req -signkey waipio.ca.key -days 365 Create a PKCS#12-encoded file containing the certificate and private key. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. openssl x509 -req -in localhost.csr -signkey root-CA.pem -out localhost.crt -days 365 -sha256 Are these commands are same? The -verify switch checks the signature of the file to make sure it hasn't been modified. The following command line sets the password on the P12 file to default . Answer the CSR information prompt to complete the process. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt -extfile config.cnf Alternately, you can use the -x509 argument to the req command to generate a self-signed certificate in a single command, rather than first creating a request and then a certificate. Openssl uses this internally to keep track of things. openssl x509 -req -in localhost.csr -CA root-CA.crt -CAkey root-CA.pem -CAcreateserial -out localhost.crt -days 365 -sha256 AND. The -x509 option tells req to create a self-signed cerificate. openssl req -x509 -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/apache.key -out /etc/ssl/apache.crt You can't use this command to generate a well formed X.509 certificate. The -days 365 option specifies that the certificate will be valid for 365 days. openssl req -new -x509 -key bacula_ca.key -out bacula_ca.crt -config openssl.cnf -days 365. Running this command provides you with the following output: verify OK Certificate Request… The -noout switch omits the output of the encoded version of the CSR. That will generate the certificate using the configuration file and setting the expiration date of the certificate to one year out. If you do not wish to be prompted for anything, you can supply all the information on the command line. openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes. openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365. openssl req \ -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout domain.key \ -x509 -days 365 -out domain.crt. While doing this to open CA private key named key.pem we need to enter a password. It will be malformed because the hostname is placed in the Common Name (CN) . openssl req -text -in yourdomain.csr -noout -verify. # cd /root/ca # openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -x509 -days 1825 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/ca.key -out certs/ca.crt. If you don't want your private key encrypting with a password, add the -nodes option. certificate CA certificate private_key CA private key serial ... default_days = 365 default_crl_days= 30 ... At this point, we officially leave the ca area, and move into req. OpenSSL "req -x509 -days" - Longer Self-Signed Certificate Can I sign my own CSR with a longer expiration date using the OpenSSL "req -x509" command? I want to use this certificate as an internal root CA for 10 years. [root@centos8-1 tls]# openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -passin file:mypass.enc -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_ca -key private/cakey.pem -out certs/cacert.pem You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. $ openssl req -key domain.key -new -out domain.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. Now sign the CSR with 365 days validity and create t1.crt. 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